Figure 2: Diagram of Interactive Footwear System and without protective Lucite covers over the electronics. Tactile parameters are measured in a sensor-laden insole, depicted as a dotted line in Fig. 1. This insole uses force-sensitive resistors (FSR's) to measure continuous pressure at three points around the toes, including downward pressure at the left and right segments and pressure against the top of the shoe during pointing. The remainder of the sensor suite is located on a circuit card affixed to a metal mount on the side of the shoe, as depicted in Figs. 1 and 3 and seen close-up in Fig. (http://www.christian-louboutin-sells.com/spring-collection-c-15.html)
4. These include a vertical rate gyro that directly responds to twists and spins, a 2-axis low-G accelerometer that picks up tilt and general foot dynamics, a 3 axis magnetometer that gives orientation with respect to the local Earth's magnetic field, and a 3-axis, high-G piezoelectric accelerometer that gives directional response to rapid kicks and jumps. A 40 kHz sonar receiver is also mounted on this card that receives pings from up to 4 ultrasound sources that can be located at different positions around the stage to track the dancer's translational position. The sonars ping every 100 msec and determine distance out to roughly 30 feet with a circa 1" resolution.
Figure 4: Close-up of shoe electronics card.A strip of PVDF piezoelectric foil at the rear of the sole measures the dynamic pressure at the heel, and a pair of back-to-back resistive bend sensors in the middle of the sole measures the sole's bi-directional bend. An electric field pickup antenna at the bottom of the insole capacitively couples into electric field signals transmit from the stage, allowing the shoe's height to be determined [14] from the received signal strength.
All data is 8-bit digitized by an onboard PIC16C711 microcomputer, then serialized and relayed via a small, low-power transmitter module to a base station located up to 100 meters away, depending on the local RF and antenna environment. Different frequencies are used for each shoe, which communicates to a corresponding basestation, transferring 8-bit updates of all sensor values 50 times per second. A 9-Volt alkaline battery is also mounted on each shoe, providing enough power for circa 5 hours of use at the 50 mA draw. More details on the shoe sensor and electronics systems can be found in [13,15].
Fig. 5 shows some sample data acquired from the shoe system over intervals of about 2 seconds. At left is the pressure sensor data for a complete typical step, where one can see the dynamic PVDF signal at the heel starting the motion, then subtle bend in the sole, and concluding with pressure at the toes. At right are the tilt accelerometers, one shock sensor, and the gyro signals for the foot twisting about, jumping, and landing, which is nicely seen in the shock signal.
Explore multiparameter continuous control. More details on this mapping can be found in [13]. Our next piece was produced for a gymnast, who performed with the shoes at the Wearable Computing Fashion Show at NIKOGRAF in Tokyo during November 1998.
This mapping was subsequently reworked with our choreography collaborator Byron Suber of Cornell University (seen with the shoes in Fig. 7), to produce a demonstration that was performed live at the 1999 International Dance and Technology Conference [13]. (http://www.mbt-sells.com/mbt-chapa-c-21.html)
As it was a rich mapping that directly reflected the movement of the dancer in interesting ways, it was very expressive, and has been used with various other artists, including a live improvising mime, who performed with the system for several days at the 1999 Tokyo Toy Fair.Figure 2: Diagram of Interactive Footwear System and without protective Lucite covers over the electronics. Tactile parameters are measured in a sensor-laden insole, depicted as a dotted line in Fig. 1. This insole uses force-sensitive resistors (FSR's) to measure continuous pressure at three points around the toes, including downward pressure at the left and right segments and pressure against the top of the shoe during pointing. The remainder of the sensor suite is located on a circuit card affixed to a metal mount on the side of the shoe, as depicted in Figs. 1 and 3 and seen close-up in Fig. (http://www.christian-louboutin-sells.com/spring-collection-c-15.html)
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Close-up of shoe electronics card.A strip of PVDF piezoelectric foil Christian Louboutin Sale at the rear of the sole measures the dynamic pressure at the heel, and a pair of back-to-back resistive bend sensors in the middle of the sole measures MBT Shoes Clearance the sole's bi-directional bend.
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